“Dual-carbon” goals, or the “2030/2060 goals”, refer to China’s two climate goals announced by President Xi Jinping at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly in September 2020. Xi announced that China would reach its carbon emissions peak “before 2030” and then achieve “carbon neutrality by 2060”. In July 2021, China’s climate envoy announced that the country’s 2030 target refers to the peaking of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, while its “carbon-neutrality” goal covers “all greenhouse gases” (GHG). Since Xi’s pledge, all China’s climate policies are fundamentally based on these targets.